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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "+//ISBN 0-9673008-1-9//DTD OEB 1.0 Document//EN"
+ "http://openebook.org/dtds/oeb-1.0/oebdoc1.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/x-oeb1-document; charset=utf-8" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/x-oeb1-css" href="DrBillBio.css" />
+<title>Bill Wattenburg’s Background: Business</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<h1>Business</h1>
+
+<p>In 1966, Bill Wattenburg and physicist Donald Glaser
+(winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, 1960, for the invention of the bubble chamber)
+formed a company called Berkeley Scientific Laboratories (BSL) which grew to a thirty-million
+dollar a year enterprise within three years. Wattenburg served as president of the company until
+1970. The scientific staff at BSL directed by Wattenburg received major NASA contracts for
+work on the spacecraft guidance computer for the Apollo man-to-the-moon project and
+Department of Defense contracts for the computer systems for the Navy’s Poseidon missile. BSL later developed
+a number of very successful commercial products, including the first small medical data computer
+systems used in hospitals around the world to automate and improve medical testing procedures
+in clinical and radiology laboratories.</p>
+
+<p>Berkeley Scientific Laboratories was purchased by Tracor, Inc., a high-technology
+conglomerate in Austin, Texas, in 1969. Wattenburg became a major stockholder in
+Tracor. He resigned as president of BSL and sold his substantial interests in Tracor in 1970. Tracor stock
+dropped considerably over the next few years. He later reinvested heavily in Tracor in 1975
+shortly before it entered a long and profitable growth period over the following ten years under
+the leadership of president Frank McBee, a friend of Wattenburg’s. Wattenburg sold all his
+interests in Tracor again when the company was taken over by Admiral Bobby Inman in the eighties.</p>
+
+<p><i>(The following comes from investment banker Faris Chesley, The Chicago Corporation,
+Chicago, who has known Bill Wattenburg since 1967.)</i></p>
+
+<p>In 1969 Wattenburg and a group of physicians and medical specialists started a company
+in San Francisco called Comprehensive Health Services (CHS), later renamed Comprehensive
+Computer Systems, which developed health screening programs for professional groups such as
+the California Teachers Association and operated a large clinical laboratory in San Francisco. He
+joined the company as director of research in 1972 and developed another very successful product
+line of medical computer systems for radiology which was marketed worldwide by General
+Electric Co. CHS also acquired Bakte-Bennet Laboratories, a major supplier of growth media to
+hospitals and clinical laboratories on the west coast.</p>
+
+<p>Wattenburg and his technical staff at CHS developed a unique system of “marked-sense”
+Medical documents that allow a radiologist to report his full diagnostic findings by simply
+marking a few spots on one of a series of special diagnostic reporting forms. We have attached
+one of these “Raport” forms to this report. General Electric Medical
+Systems division invested over eight million dollars in this development from 1972 to 1976.</p>
+
+<p>The reader will find the following explanation much easier to understand by first
+examining the radiology report form and computer-generated radiology report attached.</p>
+
+<div class="image">
+<img src="raport.png" height="100%" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The computer-readable forms they developed cover the full human anatomy with pictorial diagrams
+showing the areas of interest to a radiologist. Each color-code form also contains a set of
+symbols that describe almost all qualifying statements that a radiologist would normally dictate in
+a report of his examination of an X-ray film.</p>
+
+<p>Wattenburg cautioned us that the original idea for all this came from Dr. Richard
+Mani, a young radiologist at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center who later worked
+with CHS. Several major computer companies and the U.C. computer center staff had told Dr.
+Mani that his idea was not workable.</p>
+
+<p>Wattenburg and his staff worked for two years to build the computer hardware and special
+programs that could read the marked-sense documents and produce medical prose in the
+computer-generated diagnostic reports that would be both accurate and pleasing to radiologists.</p>
+
+<p>General Electric sold hundreds of these small computer systems to major hospitals and
+radiology groups around the world from 1975 to 1980. The product line was sold to National
+Computer Systems, Minneapolis, in 1980.</p>
+
+<p>National Computer Systems bought Comprehensive Computer Systems CHS) from Wattenburg and his group in 1979.
+National Computer Systems was the world’s biggest supplier
+of marked-sense computer equipment and technology. (They still were in 1990. NCS supplies most
+of the multiple choice forms and data processing for schools and educational testing services
+world wide.) Wattenburg became a major stockholder in National Computer Systems.</p>
+
+<p>Wattenburg was doing <a href="TalkRadio.html">talk radio on KGO</a> and <a href="television.html">television
+shows</a> on nights and weekends throughout this period from 1972 on.</p>
+
+</body>
+</html>