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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "+//ISBN 0-9673008-1-9//DTD OEB 1.0 Document//EN"
+  "http://openebook.org/dtds/oeb-1.0/oebdoc1.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/x-oeb1-document; charset=utf-8" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/x-oeb1-css" href="DrBillBio.css" />
+<title>Bill Wattenburg’s Background: Education</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<h1>Background and Education</h1>
+
+<p>Bill Wattenburg’s academic training explains some of the technical tricks he has pulled off
+in the public domain. He has a Ph.D. in electrical engineering and physics from
+U.C. Berkeley, and he has kept up very successful careers in science and business throughout the entire time he
+has been doing radio, television and publishing.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Hometown">Hometown</h2>
+
+<p><i>(The following comes from KGO Radio promotional material.)</i></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>Bill Wattenburg was born in Chico, California, on February 9, 1936. He grew up in the
+mountains of northeastern California in the lumber industry and ranching areas of Plumas County. His
+mother died when he was nine.  He and his younger sister were raised by
+their father. They often lived with family friends when their father was away seeking work as a
+logger, road builder and mechanic. When he was nine to thirteen years old, Bill lived and worked
+with an old gold miner friend of his father’s most of the time. The family friend had a mining claim
+and cabin twenty miles from the nearest town and located at 7,000 feet in the Sierra. They were
+snowed in several months each winter and Bill got his education from books, a short-wave radio,
+and correspondence courses supplied by the school district.</p>
+
+<p>When asked how he got where he is today, Wattenburg says it began shortly after he
+graduated from high school when he was 15. His father walked up to him one afternoon on their
+logging job and told him to get off the bulldozer he was operating. He said that he had told his
+father that he wanted to work as a logger instead of going to college. His father then threatened
+to “knock him on his butt” if he didn’t get on the Greyhound bus that very night and go to
+U.C. Berkeley where he had been offered a scholarship. He had never been out of the mountains of
+northern California except for a few trips to nearby Reno to buy school clothes. His high school
+science teacher had insisted that he take a National Science Foundation examination before he
+graduated. This teacher helped him apply to several universities. He had never opened the
+letters that came back from the universities. But his father, who had not finished high school, had
+opened the letters and seen the scholarship offer from U.C. Berkeley.</blockquote>
+
+<h2 id="Education">Education</h2>
+
+<p>Bill Wattenburg enrolled at Berkeley as an engineering major and finished his freshmen year
+with honors. The following year he moved to California State University at Chico because it was
+closer to home and his father needed help to support the family in Plumas County. He worked
+in the logging woods and as a ranch hand. He commuted to college at Chico during the week.
+His records at Chico State show that he played football and boxed on the Chico State teams for
+three years.</p>
+
+<p>Young Bill Wattenburg evidently had some trouble with the law in his home town
+in Plumas County. Some of the local people we interviewed remembered that Bill was
+involved in some fights in local bars around the county when he was eighteen or nineteen. The
+other men involved had reputedly threatened or attacked Bill’s father while Bill was away in
+college. These were disgruntled former employees whom his father had given jobs when no
+one else would hire them.</p>
+
+<p>However, the Plumas County Sheriff’s Department and the local newspaper have records of
+only one incident in 1955 involving a man who was formerly convicted of assault with a deadly
+weapon. Bill’s father had given him a job while he was on probation, but later fired him over
+some disagreement. This man later got in a fight with Bill and then filed assault and battery
+charges against Bill. The charges were dismissed after witnesses said that the man threatened Bill
+with a hunting knife. The news story quoted witnesses as saying that Bill approached the man in
+a local bar and asked him: “Would you like to point that knife at me the same way you did
+my father?” The man was returned to county jail after he was released from the county hospital
+with a cast on his broken right arm.</p>
+
+<h2 id="GraduateSchool">Graduate School</h2>
+
+<p>Bill Wattenburg graduated summa cum laude from California State University, Chico,
+with a double major in electrical engineering and physics. He returned to Berkeley as a graduate
+student on a National Science Foundation scholarship in 1958. There he studied electrical
+engineering under Professor Harry D. Huskey, who was intimately involved in some
+of the world’s first digital
+computers <i>[and was the president of the Association for Computing Machinery
+in the early 1960s—PKS]</i>. Professor Edward Teller (known to many as the “father of the
+hydrogen bomb”) was one of his physics teachers. He was awarded a Ph.D. in electrical
+engineering and physics at Berkeley (summa cum laude) in 1961, after only three years in
+graduate school. He was immediately offered a position as Assistant Professor of Electrical
+Engineering on the prestigious Berkeley faculty.</p>
+
+<p>The following year he was captivated, he says, by President John F. Kennedy’s call for an end
+to atmospheric nuclear testing and the development of cleaner underground testing procedures.
+He took a leave of absence from Berkeley and moved to the Livermore National Laboratory
+where he worked in the physics division on the design of nuclear devices and the first
+underground nuclear tests. He then spent six months at the Nevada nuclear test site.</p>
+
+<p>A Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory official confirmed that he was the
+inventor of still-classified nuclear test measurement and diagnostic procedures that are essential to
+our nuclear test ban treaty verification technology today.</p>
+
+<h2 id="AcademicWork">Academic Work</h2>
+
+<p>He returned to teaching and research at the University of California, Berkeley campus in 1964
+where he continued his research in the design of digital computers systems and supervised a large
+group of graduate students. He taught the main graduate courses in digital computer design and
+programming at Berkeley for the next five years. Many of his graduate students are today high
+level executives in major American computer and communication companies. He also continued
+his work in nuclear weapons testing at Livermore as a part-time consultant and became a
+consultant to IBM, General Electric, and Lockheed Missiles and Space Company in various
+defense and space projects at those companies from 1964–1970. He was a member of the U.S. Air
+Force Scientific Advisory Board from 1966 to 1970.</p>
+
+<p>From 1961 to date, he has published over twenty scientific research papers and technical
+articles and has been awarded six U.S. and foreign patents. <i>[The total is now
+eight U.S. patents—PKS]</i></p>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+